Introductory It

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today I started to write in my primbon again . I want to write about Introductory It .

Do you know Introductory It ?

Compare the two sentences below:
• “I liked the book and bought it”
- I : subject
- Liked : predicate/verb
- The book : object
- And : conjunction
- Bought : predicate/verb
- It : pronoun, replacing “the book”
It in the first sentence replace the book.

• “ It is nice to be important but it is more important to be nice”

It in the second sentence refers to nothing or meaningless. It is used to complete the structure of a sentence which is Subject + Predicate + Object/Complement. we called “it” as introductory it or Impersonal it.
Impersonal “it” can be used to introduce time, weather, distance., condition etc.

THE PLACE FOR “IT”
1. in subject position

• IT + TO BE + ADJECTIVE ………………..
- It is not difficult to understand the lesson.
- It would be nice seeing him again

• IT + TO BE + NOUN ………………………
- It is a pity to spend the money that way
- It is a difficult thing doing everything by yourself

• IT + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE……..
- It became useless to go on
- It appears no good cheating on the test

• IT + VERB + THAT CLAUSE …………….
- It seems that she was sick
- It happened that I was not out of town

2. in object position
• SUBJECT + VERB + IT + ADJECTIVE
- I think it wrong to cheat in the examination
- I found it easy to get the best score for English
THE USES OF “IT”
a) The use of “it” in sentences about time and weather

It Be Noun Phrase
It Is Ten o’clock
It Is saturday


It Be Adjective
It Is Late
It Is Nice today

It Verb
It Rains in the rainy season
It Snows In the winter

b) The use of it in sentences about distance
Example 1

- From Madiun to Ngawi is 500 miles It is 500 miles from Madiun to Ngawi
Example 2
- From here to Matahari Plaza is 200 meters
It is 200 meters from here to Matahari Plaza or
It is 200 meters to Matahari Plaza

c) Another uses of “it”

I. To infinitive(to + V1)
- To understand this lesson is easy This lesson is easy to understand or it is easy to understand this lesson
II. Being /Ving
- Being a good student is important it is important to be a good student
- Playing football is fun it is fun to play football
III. Should
- Parents should take care their children it is important for parents to take care their children

THERE
SINGULAR
• A book is on the table there is a book on the table
• A book was on the table there was a book on the table
PLURAL
• Some books are on the table there are some books on the table
• Some book were on the table there were some books on the table

The expletive “there” has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position)

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it. Instead of saying ‘To find fault with others is easy’, we say, ‘It is easy to find fault with others’.

More examples are given below.

• It is easy to learn English. (More natural than ‘To learn English is easy’.)
• It was not easy to understand his motive.
• It may be advisable to consult a specialist.
• It could be dangerous to drive so fast.
• It was pleasant to sit on the beach.

However, when we want to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning especially if it is short.

• To err is human.
• To withdraw now will be sheer folly.

When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying ‘Your trying to deceive us is no good’, we may say ‘It is no good your trying to deceive us’.

• Will it be any good my talking to him about it?
• It is no use arguing with him.
• It won’t be much good complaining to the officer about it.

Note that the gerund can be changed into the infinitive.

• Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

     When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. Instead of saying ‘That she was once a famous artist is true’, we may say, ‘It is true that she was once a famous artist’.

• It does not matter whether he comes or not. ( Whether he comes or not does not matter.)
• It is doubtful whether he can pay the dues. ( Whether he can pay the dues is doubtful.)
• It cannot be denied that the doctors did their best to save his life. (That the doctors did their best to save his life cannot be denied.)

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